Nutrición óptima en el lactante con cardiopatía congénita previa a la cirugía: una revisión narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47187/cssn.Vol13.Iss2.200Palabras clave:
cardiopatías congénitas, desnutrición, cirugía cardiaca correctiva, nutrición en cardiópata, lactantes con cardiopatíaResumen
Introducción: La desnutrición preoperatoria en niños con cardiopatía congénita eleva la tasa de complicaciones y retrasa la cirugía cardíaca; sin embargo, no hay consenso sobre los esquemas nutricionales preoperatorios ni sobre la nutrición óptima para cubrir sus necesidades metabólicas. Objetivo: Describir la literatura actualmente disponible sobre terapia nutricional óptima en lactantes con cardiopatía congénita durante el preoperatorio. Metodología: Revisión narrativa según PRISMA. Se realizó búsqueda de artículos sobre nutrición en lactantes con cardiopatía congénita previa a la cirugía, publicados en idioma inglés y español (2000 - 2021), en las bases de datos Medline, Pubmed y Cochrane. Resultados: se encontraron 770 artículos disponibles de los cuales 25 artículos originales cumplieron criterios de inclusión. Conclusión: la desnutrición es más frecuente en lactantes cardiópatas. La alimentación oral es mejor que la alimentación enteral por sonda ya que esta no estimula las habilidades motoras ni de succión. La leche materna es la principal fuente para la nutrición enteral en los primeros seis meses de vida; sin embargo, el uso de fórmulas maternizadas también ayuda a elevar las necesidades energéticas, comúnmente aumentadas según la cardiopatía.
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