BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS OF COVID-19 PRACTICES AMONG CANADIAN SINGLE MOTHERS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47187/cssn.Vol15.Iss2.350Palabras clave:
COVID-19 practices, public health behaviours, single mothers, barriers, facilitators, mask wearing, social distancing, hand washing, disinfecting surfaces, CanadaResumen
Introduction: La pandemia de COVID-19 introdujo varias prácticas de salud pública nuevas, como el uso de mascarillas, el distanciamiento social, el lavado de manos más frecuente y la desinfección de superficies. La aplicación de estas medidas preventivas podría haber afectado especialmente a las madres solteras. Objetivo: Los objetivos de este estudio cualitativo son describir las experiencias de las madres solteras canadienses con la aplicación de las prácticas COVID-19; e identificar las barreras y los facilitadores de los comportamientos clave de salud pública, el uso de mascarillas, el distanciamiento social, el lavado de manos y la desinfección de superficies. Sujetos y métodos: Doce madres solteras de entre 18 y 51 años de edad fueron reclutadas mediante muestreo intencional a partir de plataformas de medios sociales. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales utilizando una guía de entrevista semiestructurada. Luego, se transcribieron textualmente y se analizaron
cualitativamente la información utilizando el análisis temático y el enfoque de la descripción interpretativa. Resultados: Se observaron los siguientes problemas en los comportamientos de salud pública: el volumen de las mascarillas y mantener limpias las mascarillas de tela fueron barreras para el uso de mascarillas, la soledad y el cierre de los colegios fueron obstáculos para practicar el distanciamiento social, estar fuera de casa fue un obstáculo para lavarse las manos, el cansancio y la falta de tiempo fueron dificultades para desinfectar las superficies. Las madres solteras destacaron los siguientes facilitadores: los mandatos gubernamentales y los mensajes de salud pública facilitaron el uso de mascarillas, la rutina diaria y la tecnología permitieron el distanciamiento social, los tipos de jabón de manos proporcionaron el lavado de manos, el acceso a suministros y equipos de limpieza facilitó la desinfección de superficies. Además, las actitudes sociales y el estigma, las normas culturales y familiares preexistentes, el impacto de la edad de los niños y la incertidumbre relacionada con el cambio de conocimientos sobre el virus fueron cuestiones generales que afectaron a todos los comportamientos de salud pública. Conclusión: Las prácticas COVID-19 no fueron sencillas de aplicar ni de adherir para las madres solteras. Hubo una amplia gama de barreras y facilitadores que informan de la necesidad de crear sistemas de apoyo. Otros estudios deberían tener en cuenta
las cuestiones genéricas y las barreras específicas del comportamiento a la hora de evaluar las intervenciones de promoción de la salud y aplicar las políticas de salud pública COVID-19.
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