Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, Bibliographical Review

Abstract

Introduction: Glomerulosclerosis is an uncommon glomerulopathy, it is also considered as a histologic pattern, same that involves selective damage in certain areas of the glomeruli and can originate from several clinicopathologic entities. Objective: To describe from the classification of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis the histologic features of each variant, as well as the clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment, through the review of bibliographic sources. Methodology: Narrative bibliographic review about focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis from documents obtained from databases such as Elsevier, Scopus, Scielo, Redalyc, Pubmed and Google Scholar. Results: Approximately 85 results were found, of which only 34 documents that met the established inclusion criteria were used. Discussion: This pathology causes scarring of the glomeruli, generating its own histological characteristics. Diagnosis involves urinalysis, blood tests and renal biopsy, while treatment focuses on reducing proteinuria, controlling blood pressure and delaying the deterioration of renal function. Conclusion: According to its etiology this pathology is classified as primary, genetic and secondary, on the other hand, according to its histopathology it exhibits five subgroups, collapsing variant, perihilar, tip, cellular and unspecified. The clinical picture of the patients is variable and is mainly characterized by the presence of edema and proteinuria, the treatment is only symptomatological and helps to reduce the rapid progression of the pathology to chronic kidney disease.