DIETA MEDITERRÁNEA EN LA SALUD CARDIOVASCULAR, METABÓLICA Y MENTAL: REVISIÓN NARRATIVA
Mediterranean diet in cardiovascular, metabolic, and mental health: a narrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47187/cssn.Vol17.Iss1.509Palabras clave:
dieta mediterránea, salud cardiovascular, metabolismo, salud mentalResumen
Introducción: La dieta mediterránea (DM) ha sido reconocida como un patrón alimentario beneficioso para la salud, asociado con la prevención y manejo de enfermedades crónicas, así como con mejoras en la salud mental y la calidad de vida. Objetivo: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto de la DM en distintos parámetros de salud física y mental mediante una revisión narrativa de la literatura científica reciente. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos especializadas, seleccionando estudios originales y revisiones que cumplieran con criterios de relevancia, calidad metodológica y pertinencia temática. La extracción de datos se efectuó considerando diseño de estudio, población, intervención y resultados principales. Resultados: Los hallazgos evidencian que una mayor adherencia a la DM se asocia con reducción del riesgo cardiovascular, un control glucémico más eficaz, menor incidencia de trastornos depresivos y mejor función cognitiva. Asimismo, se identificaron beneficios en parámetros inflamatorios, perfil lipídico y control del peso corporal. Discusión: La discusión integra estos resultados en un contexto multidimensional, destacando que la DM no solo actúa como estrategia dietética, sino como un estilo de vida que incluye actividad física, hábitos sociales y patrones de consumo sostenibles. Aunque se reconocen limitaciones relacionadas con la heterogeneidad metodológica de los estudios, los resultados respaldan la promoción de la DM como intervención efectiva y segura. Conclusiones: La evidencia analizada reafirma que la DM constituye una herramienta integral de prevención y tratamiento, con relevancia clínica y de salud pública, y con potencial de adaptarse a distintos contextos culturales.
Abstract
Introduction: The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been recognized as a healthy dietary pattern associated with the prevention and management of chronic diseases, as well as improvements in mental health and quality of life. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the impact of the Mediterranean Diet on various physical and mental health parameters through a narrative review of recent scientific literature. Methodology: A bibliographic search was conducted in specialized databases, selecting original studies and review articles that met criteria of relevance, methodological quality, and thematic pertinence. Data extraction was performed considering study design, population, intervention, and main outcomes. Results: The findings indicate that greater adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk, more effective glycemic control, a lower incidence of depressive disorders, and improved cognitive function. Furthermore, benefits were identified in inflammatory markers, lipid profile, and body weight management. Discussion: The discussion integrates these findings within a multidimensional framework, highlighting that the Mediterranean Diet functions not only as a dietary strategy but also as a lifestyle that includes physical activity, social habits, and sustainable consumption patterns. Although limitations related to the methodological heterogeneity of the included studies were acknowledged, the findings support the promotion of the Mediterranean Diet as an effective and safe intervention. Conclusions: The analyzed evidence reaffirms that the Mediterranean Diet constitutes a comprehensive tool for prevention and treatment, with clinical and public health relevance, and the potential to be adapted to different cultural contexts.
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