ENFERMEDAD HEMOLÍTICA FETO Y DEL RECIÉN NACIDO POR INCOMPATIBILIDAD RH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47187/cssn.Vol15.IssEd.Esp.303Palabras clave:
eritroblastosis fetal, isoinmunización Rh, recién nacidoResumen
Introducción: La enfermedad hemolítica del feto y del recién nacido por incompatibilidad Rh es un trastorno hemolítico que puede causar anemia grave, por la formación de anticuerpos anti Rh D positivo en una gestante Rh negativo; la administración de inmunoglobulina anti D disminuye el riesgo de aloinmunización. Objetivo: determinar el manejo más adecuado en mujeres gestantes Rh negativo para prevenir la aloinmunización materno perinatal. Metodología: la pregunta clínica que se utilizó en base al formato PICO, que facilitó la búsqueda de información es: ¿Cuál es el manejo en las gestantes Rh negativo, para prevención de la aloinmunización materno fetal?, La búsqueda de información científica se realizó en las bases biomédicas DynaMed, UpToDate, PubMed y Web of Science. Resultados: se encontraron 730 artículos, luego de aplicar los filtros, descartar artículos duplicados y artículos que no están dentro de los criterios de inclusión, se utilizan 33 artículos en esta investigación como fuente de información. Discusión: Si una persona Rh negativa se sensibiliza, formará anticuerpos anti Rh D positivo durante toda su vida y pondrá en riesgo a sus hijos si son del grupo sanguíneo Rh D positivo, por lo tanto, es fundamental ante un evento con riesgo de aloinmunización, se debe administrar inmunoglobulinas anti D para prevención de la aloinmunización. Conclusiones: La aloinmunización es una complicación grave y se puede prevenir con la administración de inmunoglobulinas anti D en lo posible dentro de las primeras 72 horas de un evento sensibilizante.
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