Maduración pulmonar fetal nuevas evidencias
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47187/cssn.Vol14.Iss1.221Palabras clave:
Trabajo de parto prematuro, corticoides, recién nacido prematuroResumen
Introducción. El nacimiento de un recién nacido (RN) prematuro aumenta la morbimortalidad neonatal por la inmadurez de los diferentes órganos; cuanto menor sea la edad gestacional al nacimiento, mayor será el riesgo de complicaciones que pueden presentar. Objetivo. Determinar el mejor tratamiento para la maduración pulmonar fetal para disminuir las complicaciones en los RN prematuros, de acuerdo a la mejor evidencia disponible. Metodología. Se utilizó la pregunta clínica bajo el formato PICO ¿Cuál es el mejor tratamiento para la maduración pulmonar fetal en pacientes con alto riesgo de parto prematuro?. La población son las embarazadas con alto riesgo de parto prematuro, la intervención es la administración de corticoides, la comparación es la no administración de corticoides y el resultado la disminución de complicaciones por la prematurez . Resultados. Para realizar esta revisión se obtuvieron 1422 artículos, de los cuales se descartan 1376 por no estar dentro de los criterios de inclusión y se obtienen 47 artículos, de los cuales se elimina 1 artículo por estar duplicado y se utiliza 46 artículos científicos en el proceso de elaboración de esta investigación. Discusión. La administración de glucocorticoides a la mujer gestante que tiene alto riesgo de parto prematuro en los próximos 7 días disminuye el riesgo de varias de las complicaciones que podrían presentarse en un recién nacido prematuro. Conclusiones. Los corticoides que se recomiendan para las mujeres con riesgo de parto prematuro entre las 23 semanas y 36 semanas con 6 días son la betametasona o la dexametasona por vía intramuscular.
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