HIPERÉMESIS GRAVÍDICA NUEVAS EVIDENCIAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47187/cssn.Vol14.IssEd.Esp.226Palabras clave:
hyperemesis gravidarum, vomiting, pregnancyResumen
Introducción. La hiperémesis gravídica es un trastorno del embarazo caracterizado por náuseas y vómitos intensos y persistentes, que pueden llevar a la deshidratación, desequilibrios electrolíticos y pérdida de peso significativa y puede tener un impacto negativo en la salud materna y fetal. Objetivo. proporcionar una síntesis actualizada y exhaustiva de la literatura disponible para un manejo adecuado. Metodología. Se estableció la pregunta PICO “¿En pacientes embarazadas con hiperémesis gravídica (P), cuál es la eficacia de diferentes tratamientos (I) en comparación con un placebo o tratamiento estándar (C) para reducir los síntomas y mejorar los resultados del embarazo(O)?”, que ayudó a delimitar el tema para la búsqueda bibliográfica. Se utilizó bases de datos especializadas como PubMed, Scopus, UpToDate y DynaMed. Resultados. Se obtuvieron 3640 artículos, de los cuales se descartan 3605 por no estar dentro de los criterios de inclusión y se utilizan 35 artículos para la elaboración de esta investigación. Discusión. El diagnóstico se basa en los síntomas clínicos, como vómitos intensos que causan deshidratación y pérdida de peso superior al 5% del peso corporal previo al embarazo. El manejo de esta condición implica cambios en la dieta, terapia nutricional, medicamentos y, en casos graves, hospitalización. Conclusiones. el manejo de la hiperémesis gravídica requiere una combinación de estrategias, que incluyen la rehidratación, la corrección de desequilibrios nutricionales y electrolíticos, el control de los síntomas con medicamentos y el apoyo emocional.
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