AVANCES EN LA PREVENCIÓN DE LA PREECLAMPSIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47187/cssn.Vol15.Iss2.359Palabras clave:
preeclampsia, prevención primaria, aspirinaResumen
Introducción: La preeclampsia es un trastorno multisistémico que se caracteriza por hipertensión arterial, asociada a proteinuria, o con afectación de un órgano blanco, puede causar complicaciones graves maternas y perinatales, además de complicaciones a largo plazo. Objetivo. Determinar el mejor tratamiento en la prevención de la preeclampsia de acuerdo a la evidencia científica más actualizada hasta el momento. Metodología. Se utilizó bajo el formato PICO la pregunta clínica: ¿Cuál es el manejo más adecuado en la prevención de la preeclampsia en gestantes con alto riesgo, para prevenir complicaciones?, que ayudó en la búsqueda de información científica. Las bases datos investigadas fueron PubMed, DynaMed y UpToDate. Resultados. Se encontraron 118 artículos científicos y luego de colocar los filtros y descartar artículos que no están dentro de los criterios de inclusión, se utilizan 48 artículos, como fuente de información. Discusión. La preeclampsia puede presentar alto riesgo de complicaciones graves, como accidente cerebro vascular, edema agudo de pulmón, lesiones renales agudas, ruptura
hepática, desprendimiento normoplacentario, convulsiones e incluso muerte materna. A largo plazo la madre tiene riesgo de desarrollar hipertensión arterial, infarto de miocardio, accidente cerebro vascular. El feto tiene riesgo de presentar prematurez, restricción de crecimiento intrauterino, y a largo plazo puede presentar trastornos del neuro desarrollo, hipertensión arterial, diabetes tipo 2, o enfermedades metabólicas. Conclusiones. Es fundamental su investigación y prevención para evitar que se desarrolle y provoque las complicaciones durante el embarazo y a largo plazo.
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