Bacterial Genetic Influence on the Appearance of Gastroduodenal Diseases due to Helicobacter pylori in the Ecuadorian Population

Abstract

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a prokaryotic, gram-negative, microaerophilic, spiral-shaped, and lofotrichous microorganism that mainly causes gastritis and can generate various serious gastroduodenal pathologies, which evolve according to certain criteria, such as environmental factors, bacterial strains, or the genotype present in the Ecuador's population. Objective: To structure a bibliographic compilation on the Helicobacter pylori's pathogenic genes that have a higher incidence and cause gastroduodenal diseases. Methods: To research was carried out based on the detailed and meticulous selection of information, which deal with the incidence of Helicobacter pylori strains in relation to gastroduodenal diseases that appear in the Ecuadorian population. Results: The Ecuadorian population is mostly susceptible to the pathological action of Helicobacter pylori, either by the mechanism of bacterial proteins (CagA, VacA (s1m1), VacA (s1), VacA (m1), BabA2, IceA1, CagA/OipA or CagA/VacA (s1m1)) or possible mutations in certain HP genes (gyrA, 16S rRNA (P12 - HPAG1), 23S rRNA (A2142G - A2143G) or 46S rRNA), which prove to be resistant to antibiotics. Discussion: HP genes are related to the occurrence of severe gastroduodenal diseases. In addition, in Ecuador, HP infections vary according to certain environmental and genetic factors, both the
host's susceptible genotype (TLR1 1805T/G y IFNGR1 -56C/T) and HP's pathogenic genotype. Conclusions: The high prevalence and virulence of HP is due to certain genetic, dietary and socioeconomic factors. Likewise, in Ecuador, HP infections are linked to the appearance of chronic gastritis, ulcers and cancer whether gastric o duodenal.