Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders associated with work-related and sociodemographic factors among workers in the financial sector in Riobamba, Ecuador

Abstract

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the leading causes of sick leave and a reduced quality of life amongst the working population; in the banking sector in particular, factors such as a sedentary lifestyle, prolonged static postures and long hours spent in front of a computer influence their incidence and prevalence. Objectives: To analyse the association between musculoskeletal disorders and working conditions and sociodemographic factors among workers in the financial sector of the Riobamba Cooperative, and to determine their prevalence. Methodology: This study is a descriptive, quantitative and analytical cross-sectional study. To collect data, the Standardised Nordic Questionnaire was administered alongside a form covering work-related and personal variables; the sample comprised 103 employees of the institution, whilst the statistical analysis included descriptive measures, the chi-squared test and logistic regression, together with the estimation of odds ratios (OR) and their respective categories. Results: A high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) was observed, mainly in the lumbar (53 per cent) and cervical (51 per cent) regions. The highest incidence of cases was found among workers in the operational area. Significant associations were identified between MSDs and factors such as long working hours, limited flexibility in working hours, commuting time, prolonged static postures and a history of workplace accidents. Workers working more than 51 hours per week were more likely to suffer from neck pain (OR =

6.13; 95% CI: 1.54–24.38), whilst limited flexibility in working hours was strongly associated with recent lower back pain (OR = 16.25; 95% CI: 1.96–135.01). These findings highlight the influence of organizational and ergonomic factors on the development of musculoskeletal disorders among workers in the financial sector. Discussion: The findings confirm that ergonomic and organizational factors play an important role in the development of musculoskeletal disorders in financial sector workers. Long working hours, limited work flexibility, and prolonged sitting increase physical overload and contribute to the development of cervical and lumbar pain. These results are consistent with international studies conducted on administrative and banking personnel, demonstrating that MSDs represent a significant occupational health problem requiring comprehensive preventive interventions. Conclusion: Promoting healthy work environments is a priority within institutions. Consequently, the results of this study demonstrate that musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) maintain a significant relationship with modifiable workplace factors, highlighting the importance of implementing ergonomic interventions and preventive strategies aimed at improving working conditions.