Infectious events in patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment associated with self-care according to dorothea orem's theory. a systematic review

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a condition that alters the correct functioning of the kidneys and for this reason, treatments such as hemodialysis are used to improve azotemia, fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base abnormalities, which are characteristic of uremic syndrome. The aim of this study is to analyze the most common infectious events in hemodialysis patients associated with self-care, according to Dorothea Orem's theory. The methodology was carried out through a systematic review under the PRISMA method based on 30 scientific studies obtained from Scopus, Scielo, PubMed and Google Books which present validated and updated information from the last 5 years. Information is presented on patients who implemented an intervention program to reduce the main catheter infections caused by pathogenic agents such as Staphylococcus and E. Coli in vascular accesses (40.01 %). It also highlights the efficacy of self-care interventions, based on Orem's theory, which involves the control of food and liquid consumption, skin care with personal hygiene, rest time with sleep quality and communication with interpersonal relationships, with the aim of substantial improvements in the quality patients’ lives. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the need for more personalized and effective care approaches to address the specific challenges faced by patients with chronic kidney disease during hemodialysis.