ARTICULACIONES ENTRE SALUTOGÉNESIS Y DESVIACIÓN POSITIVA PARA UN MARCO TEÓRICO - CONCEPTUAL INTEGRADO EN LA NUTRICIÓN COMUNITARIA ANDINA
Articulations between salutogenesis and positive deviance for an integrated theoretical–conceptual framework in Andean community nutrition
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47187/cssn.Vol17.Iss1.505Palabras clave:
Chimborazo, comunidades indígenas, desviación positiva, nutrición comunitaria, promoción de la salud, salutogénesis, sentido de coherencia, stuntingResumen
Antecedentes / Marco teórico: Aaron Antonovsky forjó el concepto de salutogénesis (SAL) entre 1979 y 1987; Jerry y Monique Sternin operacionalizaron el enfoque de Desviación Positiva (DP) en 1990. Ambos constituyen dos de las corrientes más influyentes en la teoría contemporánea de la salud pública. Desde una óptica epistemológica compartida, ambos convergen hacia la misma orientación fundamental: en lugar de preguntar qué causa la enfermedad, indagan sobre qué genera la salud y qué permite que ciertos individuos o comunidades prosperen aun en condiciones adversas. Objetivo: Este artículo teórico-conceptual propone tres premisas principales: (1) examinar los fundamentos conceptuales de cada marco en su debida especificidad; (2) identificar las convergencias de carácter estructural y complementariedades teóricas que los vinculan orgánicamente; y (3) proponer un marco integrador — el Modelo SAL-DP — aplicable a la nutrición comunitaria en contextos de alta ruralidad y diversidad étnica, con especificidad a la provincia de Chimborazo, Ecuador. Marco propuesto / Argumento central: Dentro de este marco integrador, la salutogénesis (SAL) provee la arquitectura teórica que sirve de eje explicativo — a través del Sentido de Coherencia (SOC) y los Recursos de Resistencia Generalizados (GRRs) — mientras que la Desviación Positiva (DP) aporta la metodología de investigación-acción para identificar y transferir esos elementos a prácticas locales exitosas. Originalidad / Postura epistémica: No se busca una yuxtaposición ecléctica teórica, sino una síntesis genuina que sea teóricamente coherente, reconocible en el Handbook of Salutogenesis, y directamente aplicable a la desnutrición crónica infantil (stunting) en comunidades indígenas andinas.
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