Update on the management of acute pancreatitis: diagnosis, stratification, and treatment
Update on the management of acute pancreatitis: diagnosis, stratification, and treatment
Keywords:
acute pancreatitis, diagnosis, treatment, stratificationAbstract
Introduction: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is defined as an inflammatory disease of the exocrine pancreas, which is characterised by a sudden onset of intense abdominal pain and multiple organ dysfunction. This can result in necrosis and permanent organ failure. Objective: Describe the different diagnostic methods, stratification, and treatment of hypertension, based on current evidence. Methodology: A descriptive literature review was conducted by searching for articles published between January 2020 and January 2025 in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and SciELO. Original studies, reviews, meta-analyses and clinical trials were included, provided they met the following criteria: full access and adequate methodological rigor. Following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 publications were selected for synthesis in order to provide an overview of the current evidence on the diagnosis, stratification and treatment of acute pancreatitis Results: AP is a condition that causes inflammation of the pancreas; its diagnosis is based on its classic triad of symptoms. Imaging studies, including ultrasound and tomography, are available to support this assessment. The current approach to treatment involves hydration, the use of NSAIDs or opioids, early nutrition, selective use of antibiotics, and surgical techniques. Discussion: The importance of certain scales (Ranson, APACHE II, etc.) is evident. The impact of interventions such as hydration, nutrition, or administration of analgesics and antibiotics on patient prognosis. Treatment, primarily surgical, involves techniques such as retrograde cholangiopancreatography and cholecystectomy. Conclusion: PA is a clinically significant condition; although most cases are mild and self-limiting, a significant percentage can progress to severe forms, with a risk of local complications, multiple organ failure, and mortality.
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