MANAGEMENT OF ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE POISONING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47187/cssn.Vol16.Iss2.446Keywords:
Intoxication, aluminum phosphide, management, prevention, treatmentAbstract
Introduction: Aluminium phosphide is a pesticide used to control pests in stored grains. It is highly toxic and poses a great risk to humans if ingested or inhaled. Both accidental and intentional aluminium phosphide poisonings are frequent and difficult to treat. This review discusses its effects on human health, as well as treatment and prevention options. Objective: To describe the toxic effects of aluminium phosphide and its consequences for public health, treatment, and prevention. Methodology: We conducted a narrative review of 30 studies that included reviews, case reports, and clinical analyses, describing the toxic mechanism, clinical manifestations, or therapeutic approaches, and excluded irrelevant or insufficiently informative articles. Results: The evidence shows that the exposure to aluminium phosphide leads to phosphine release, which interferes with oxidative phosphorylation and induces oxidative stress, causing cell death and progressive destruction of vital organs. The most frequently reported symptoms were nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and respiratory and cardiac failure. Treatment is supportive since there is no specific antidote. Discussion: The mortality rate is high due to the rapid action of the toxic compound and the lack of specific treatment. Conclusions: Aluminum phosphide poisoning is a medical emergency that requires immediate intervention. The control and prevention policies should be improved and public awareness increased in order to cut down cases of poisoning.
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